{"id":1522,"date":"2023-07-19T11:28:00","date_gmt":"2023-07-19T11:28:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/khowari.com\/?p=1522"},"modified":"2026-01-07T23:53:22","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T18:53:22","slug":"the-last-breaths-of-kalasha-language-in-kalkatak","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/khowari.com\/?p=1522","title":{"rendered":"The Last Breaths of Kalasha Language in Kalkatak"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By <strong>Fakhr uddin Akhonzada<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:22px\">According to linguistic experts, 6,000 languages in the world will reduce to half in the middle of this century if language shifting continued in the same rate as it is now. Speakers of a minority language shift to a majority language due to many reasons.&nbsp;In our county, a number of languages are endangered. Kalasha is one of them. Kalasha, the language spoken by a minority in Chitral, is threatened of extinction because its speakers are adopting the major language of Chitral, Khowar. The best example of this shift is the village of Kalkatak in southern Chitral.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:22px\">The inhabitants of Kalkatak have changed their mother-tongue three times during the last century. They gave up Kalasha, adopted Palula, and then abandoned Palula for Khowar. Now, the last remnants of the Kalasha language will soon disappear from the village. At the beginning of the last century, the language of Kalkatak was Kalasha, an Indo-Aryan language; and the language of an ancient tribe also called Kalasha, which today lives in three valleys in Chitral, Bumboret, Rumbur and Birir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-1 wp-block-paragraph\">Also Read: <a href=\"https:\/\/khowari.com\/?p=1531\">Madaklashti: A Persian-Speaking Community Of Northern Pakistan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:22px\">There are only about a dozen elderly people living in Kalkatak who still know Kalasha, but they do not like to speak it. The Kalasha language will be extinct from the village with the death of this handful of people. Muhammad Wali Shah, an elderly man of 72, says: \u201cThe people with whom I used to speak Kalasha in my childhood, do not like to speak it now\u201d. He added that until 60s, he could still find some company with whom to speak the language, but after that no one likes to converse in the language. Kalasha was still dominant in the village in the 30s. No one had yet left it for Palula or Khowar, and some non-Kalasha speakers had even learnt it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"480\" src=\"https:\/\/khowari.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Kui-Begum-helps-her-husband-during-the-traditional-winemaking-process-in-Bumburet-Kalash-Picture-by-Komal-Ghazaali.jpg\" alt=\"Kui Begum helps her husband during the traditional winemaking process in Bumburet Kalash, Picture by Komal Ghazaali\u060c 2025\" class=\"wp-image-3503\" srcset=\"https:\/\/khowari.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Kui-Begum-helps-her-husband-during-the-traditional-winemaking-process-in-Bumburet-Kalash-Picture-by-Komal-Ghazaali.jpg 800w, https:\/\/khowari.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Kui-Begum-helps-her-husband-during-the-traditional-winemaking-process-in-Bumburet-Kalash-Picture-by-Komal-Ghazaali-300x180.jpg 300w, https:\/\/khowari.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Kui-Begum-helps-her-husband-during-the-traditional-winemaking-process-in-Bumburet-Kalash-Picture-by-Komal-Ghazaali-80x48.jpg 80w, https:\/\/khowari.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Kui-Begum-helps-her-husband-during-the-traditional-winemaking-process-in-Bumburet-Kalash-Picture-by-Komal-Ghazaali-768x461.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Kui Begum, a Kalash, helps her husband during the traditional winemaking process in Bumburet Kalash, Picture by Komal Ghazaali\u060c 2025<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:22px\">Salah Khan, another elderly man, says: \u201cMy father was a Khowar speaker who immigrated to the village from Madak and married a Kalasha woman of the village. There was Kalasha in my home and this is why I know Kalasha\u201d. Rahim Khan, a man of 40 and a son of Kalasha parents, does not know Kalasha at all, but speaks Palula. He says \u201cI learnt Kalasha from my parents along with Palula and Khowar in my childhood, but later on I forgot the language, since Palula was so dominating.\u201d He speaks Palula with his children. The people of Kalkatak gave up Kalasha because they felt inferior, and because it was easy to adopt other languages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:22px\">In the time of the Kator ruler, all Kalasha of the area were in the Rayat class, the lowest class. The people of the upper classes were using \u2018Kalash\u2019 as a derogatory term for the people. The people were hesitant to speak the language in front of Khowar speakers. The difficulties increased further when a fort was constructed in the village in 1930 for the son of a Khowar-speaking ruler, and many Khowar speakers came to the village with the prince. Wasim Khan, born in 1937, says: \u201cThe people of Kalkatak gave up Kalasha because they felt inferior. Other tribes in the area considered the Kalasha inferior in status, and because of the Kalasha language this inferiority was more visible. The people of Kalkatak thought that people considered them inferior because they spoke Kalasha.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-2 wp-block-paragraph\">Also Read: <a href=\"https:\/\/khowari.com\/?p=1070\">2023: Kalash students to have textbooks on their religion<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:22px\">The villagers already knew Palula and Khowar along with their mother tongue and they had no difficulty in adopting either of these languages. The interaction and intermarriage of the villagers with Palula speakers from the Biori valley had already made them fluent in Palula. For a long time they were speaking these languages along with Kalasha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:22px\">Khoshani, an old lady of the village, says: \u201cMy parents were Kalasha speakers and my mother-tongue was Kalasha. I used to speak Kalasha as long as I was with my parents. I stopped it when I married and began to speak Palula. My mother-in-law was a Palula speaker from Biori and the language in my parents-in-laws\u2019 house was Palula.\u201d Muhammad Salim, an influential Kalasha man, migrated to Biori Valley with his family to protect himself from enforced labour under the mehtar. He stayed there for a long time and came back to the village with the Palula language. His children spoke Palula. The summer-pastures of the villager also lie at the eastern end of the Biori valley.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:22px\">The people of Kalkatak had to go through the valley with their goats in order to get there. The shepherds of both language communities had a lot of interaction with each other while in the pastures. The inhabitants of a small village called Serdur, near Kalkatak, are immigrants from Biori. They have been there for three generations. They still speak Palula, and depend on Kalkatak for many things. Until recently, they had no graveyard or Mosque, and they still come to Kalkatak for the Eid prayers. To the people of Kalkatak, \u2018Kalasha\u2019 was a term not only used for a language but also for a tribe who were considered inferior, and, perhaps more importantly, for a religion which was considered infidel. To them, speaking Kalasha meant being perceived as inferior and infidel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-3 wp-block-paragraph\">Also Read: <a href=\"https:\/\/khowari.com\/?p=3147\">Maureen Lines, Who Became Bibi Dow in Kalash<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:22px\">Although the people of Kalkatak had given up the Kalasha religion long ago, they had kept the language. Meanwhile, the Kalasha of Suwir \u2013 a village across the river to the west of Kalkatak \u2013 took an oath never again to speak Kalasha. The villagers collectively gave up the language. This must have had a great effect on the people of kalkatak. The Kalasha language is taking its last breath in the village of Kalkatak. The few speakers of Kalasha in the village are in their seventies. With the death of these people the last symbol of the Kalasha tradition will disappear from the village forever.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color has-background is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Fakhr uddin Akhonzada According to linguistic experts, 6,000 languages in the world will reduce&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":1526,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[202,7,439],"tags":[204,203,205,206],"class_list":["post-1522","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kalash","category-language","category-top-story","tag-kalash","tag-kalasha-language","tag-kalkatak-village","tag-languages-of-chitral"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>The Last Breaths of Kalasha Language in Kalkatak - KHOWARI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The diminishing of Kalasha Language from the village of Kalkatak in lower Chitral.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/khowari.com\/?p=1522\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Fakhr Uddin Akhonzada\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Last Breaths of Kalasha Language in kalkatak\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/khowari.com\/?p=1522\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"KHOWARI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/share\/bf4QqygQ3X4czWmM\/?mibextid=qi2Omg\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/fakhruddin.akhunzada?mibextid=ZbWKwL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-07-19T11:28:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-01-07T18:53:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/khowari.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Picsart_23-07-15_21-09-25-627.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1279\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"720\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Fakhr Uddin Akhunzada\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Fakhr Uddin Akhonzada\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"The Last Breaths of Kalasha Language in kalkatak\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/khowari.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/WhatsApp-Image-2023-07-13-at-10.40.49-AM-2.jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Fakhr Uddin Akhunzada\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"ScholarlyArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/khowari.com\/?p=1522#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/khowari.com\/?p=1522\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Fakhr Uddin Akhunzada\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/khowari.com\/#\/schema\/person\/150be27bd6bb9cb12f380261215c8df2\"},\"headline\":\"The Last Breaths of Kalasha Language in Kalkatak\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-07-19T11:28:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-01-07T18:53:22+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/khowari.com\/?p=1522\"},\"wordCount\":1013,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/khowari.com\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/khowari.com\/?p=1522#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/khowari.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/IMG-20230719-WA0012.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Kalash\",\"Kalasha Language\",\"Kalkatak Village\",\"Languages of Chitral\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Kalash &amp; 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